What is glaucoma?
Glaucoma is a disease that damages the optic nerve. It commonly occurs when fluid doesn’t drain properly from the front of the eye, causing pressure to rise. Over time, that pressure can harm the optic nerve and lead to vision loss.
Key point: Vision loss from glaucoma is permanent, but early treatment can help prevent further damage.
Types of glaucoma
Open-angle glaucoma
The most common form. It typically develops slowly and may not cause symptoms at first.
Angle-closure glaucoma
Happens when the drainage angle becomes blocked. Pressure can rise quickly and may require urgent care.
Normal-tension glaucoma
Optic nerve damage can occur even when eye pressure is within typical ranges.
Symptoms
Many people have no symptoms in the early stages. As glaucoma progresses, side vision may slowly decrease.
Emergency warning signs (seek care immediately)
- • Sudden blurry vision
- • Severe eye pain or headache
- • Nausea or vomiting
- • Rainbow-colored halos around lights
Who is at risk?
Certain factors can increase risk. We may recommend more frequent eye exams if you have:
- Age over 40
- Family history of glaucoma
- High eye pressure
- Thin corneas
- Diabetes or high blood pressure
- Prior eye injury
How is glaucoma diagnosed?
A complete eye exam is needed to check for glaucoma—pressure alone is not enough. Testing may include pressure measurement, drainage angle evaluation, optic nerve imaging, corneal thickness measurement, and peripheral (side) vision testing.
Treatment options
Glaucoma damage can’t be reversed, but treatment can help stop or slow further vision loss. Your plan may include one or more of the following:
Eye drop medication
Often the first step. Drops can lower eye pressure by reducing fluid production or improving drainage.
Laser procedures
Laser can help fluid drain better or open a blocked angle, depending on glaucoma type.
Surgery
If needed, surgery can create a new drainage pathway or use a drainage device to lower pressure.
Important: Don’t stop glaucoma medications without talking to your doctor.
Schedule a glaucoma evaluation
If you’re at risk for glaucoma or due for an eye exam, we can perform the appropriate testing and discuss treatment options to protect your sight.
Patient education content is general information and not a substitute for medical advice.